Pipe friction is one of the classic laboratory experiments and has always found a place in the practical teaching of fluid mechanics.

With this unit, friction head losses in straight pipes of very different sizes can be investigated over a range of Reynolds’ numbers from103 to nearly 10?. This covers the laminar, transitional and turbulent flow regimes in smooth pipes.

In addition an artificially roughened pipe is supplied, which at the higher Reynolds’ numbers shows a clear departure from the typical smooth bore pipe characteristics.

In addition to the equipment for the study of losses in straight pipes, a wide range of accessories are included such as pipe fittings and

control valves, a Venturi tube, an orifice plate assembly and a Pitot tube. An arrangement of six pipes provides facilities for testing the following: u Four smooth bore pipes of different diameters

Artificially roughened pipe

90° bends (large & small radii)

90° elbow

90° mitre

45° elbow

45°Y

90°T

Sudden enlargement u Sudden contraction u Gate valve

Globe valve

Ball valve

Inline strainer

Perspex venturi

Perspex orifice meter

Perspex pipe section with a pitot tube & static tapping

Short samples of each size test pipe are provided loose so that the students can measure the exact diameter and determine the nature of the internal finish.

The ratio of the pipe diameter to the distance of the pressure tappings from the ends of each pipe has been selected to minimise end and entry effects. A system of isolating valves is provided whereby the pipe to be tested can be selected without disconnecting or draining the system. This arrangement enables tests to be conducted on parallel pipe configurations.

An optional floor-standing Hydraulics Bench incorporates a sump tank and volumetric flow measurement facility. Rapid and accurate flow measurement is possible over the full working range of the apparatus.

The level rise in the measuring tank is determined by an independent sight gauge. A 250ml capacity glass measuring cylinder is supplied for measuring the flow rate under laminar conditions (very low flows).

Each pressure tapping is fitted with a quick action self-sealing connection. Probe attachments with an adequate quantity of translucent polythene tubing are provided so that any pair of pressure tappings can be rapidly connected.

All the test pipes and fixed interconnecting pipes are fabricated in stainless steel.

Overall dimensions
Dimensions	C6MKII-10
Length	1.10m
Width	2.25m
Height	0.43m
Packed and crated shipping specifications
Volume	1.43Kg
Gross weight	2.9Kg

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